Writers' methods and the terms to name them

Romeo says "Juliet is the sun" when he sees her at her window. Which method is this?

Dickens describes Scrooge as "solitary as an oyster". What does the simile suggest?

Romeo cries "O brawling love! O loving hate!" in Act 1 Scene 1. What are phrases like these called?

Victor brings the creature to life on a night when "the rain pattered dismally against the panes". Which method is Shelley using?

Duncan says "There's no art / To find the mind's construction in the face" just before Macbeth enters. Why is this dramatic irony?

Great Expectations is narrated by Pip as an adult looking back on his life. What is the main effect of this choice?