GCSE Maths revision · Geometry and measures

Exact trig values

Foundation and Higher

The idea

Know these without a calculator: sin⁡30∘=12\sin 30^\circ = \tfrac{1}{2}, cos⁡60∘=12\cos 60^\circ = \tfrac{1}{2}, tan⁡45∘=1\tan 45^\circ = 1, sin⁡60∘=cos⁡30∘=32\sin 60^\circ = \cos 30^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, sin⁡45∘=cos⁡45∘=22\sin 45^\circ = \cos 45^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}, tan⁡60∘=3\tan 60^\circ = \sqrt{3}, tan⁡30∘=33\tan 30^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}.

  1. Learn the table for 0∘,30∘,45∘,60∘0^\circ, 30^\circ, 45^\circ, 60^\circ and 90∘90^\circ.
  2. Substitute the exact value, not a decimal.
  3. Leave surds in the answer when it asks for an exact value.

Watch out Exact means no rounding: 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, not 0.8660.866.

See it worked

Worked exampleNon-calculator3 marks

Write down the exact value of each expression.

(a) sin⁡30∘\sin 30^\circ

(b) cos⁡60∘\cos 60^\circ

(c) tan⁡45∘\tan 45^\circ

  1. (a) From half an equilateral triangle: opposite 1, hypotenuse 2.
  2. (b) In the same triangle, the side next to 60∘60^\circ is 1 and the hypotenuse 2.
  3. (c) A right-angled isosceles triangle has opposite == adjacent, so tan⁡45∘=1\tan 45^\circ = 1.

Answer (a) 12\frac{1}{2}; (b) 12\frac{1}{2}; (c) 1

Your turn

Question 1Non-calculator3 marks

θ\theta is an acute angle.

(a) cos⁡θ=32\cos\theta = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}. Write down the value of θ\theta.

(b) Work out the value of sin⁡90∘−cos⁡0∘+tan⁡45∘\sin 90^\circ - \cos 0^\circ + \tan 45^\circ.

Question 2Non-calculator4 marks

The diagram shows triangle PQR.

(a) Find the exact length of PR.

(b) Find the exact length of QR.

Question 3Non-calculator6 marks

The diagram shows triangle ABCABC. DD is the point on BCBC such that ADAD is perpendicular to BCBC.

(a) Work out the exact length of BCBC. Give your answer in the form a+b3a + b\sqrt{3}.

(b) Work out the exact length of ABAB.

In past papers

55 official questions in 53 papers since 2017. The latest:

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