An engineer wants all cells of a new plant to contain an introduced gene. Another proposal would insert the gene into just a few cells of a fully grown leaf.
.1
Explain why introducing the gene at an early developmental stage is more suitable for the first aim.
[2 marks]
.2
Explain a limitation of inserting the gene only into a mature leaf.
[2 marks]
5 marksFoundation and Higher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
A nursery produces 240 clones from one disease-resistant plant using meristem tissue. All are planted in one field.
.1
Explain how meristem cells produce complete plants.
[2 marks]
.2
Evaluate planting only these clones in one field.
[3 marks]
5 marksFoundation and Higher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
During exercise a patient's heart rate is 120 beats/min and each side pumps 110 cm³ per beat. Cardiac output is the volume pumped by one side per minute.
.1
Calculate cardiac output in dm³/min.
[2 marks]
.2
Explain how increased cardiac output supports exercise.
[3 marks]
4 marksFoundation and Higher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
A buried bone is found in sedimentary rock, while a soft-bodied organism from the same ancient habitat has left no recognisable fossil.
.1
Describe how the bone could become a fossil.
[2 marks]
.2
Explain why this find cannot prove that only hard-bodied organisms lived there.
[2 marks]
4 marksFoundation and Higher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
Rose leaves develop black spots and fall early. A grower collects fallen leaves, then sprays a fungicide. A neighbour claims that antibiotics would always be a better treatment.
