During exercise a patient's heart rate is 120 beats/min and each side pumps 110 cm³ per beat. Cardiac output is the volume pumped by one side per minute.
.1
Calculate cardiac output in dm³/min.
[2 marks]
.2
Explain how increased cardiac output supports exercise.
[3 marks]
4 marksFoundation and Higher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
A potometer reservoir initially contains 24.0 cm³ of water. After 90 minutes it contains 17.7 cm³. A sealed control loses no water. The student claims that all 6.3 cm³ must have evaporated from the leaves.
.1
Calculate the shoot's mean uptake rate.
[2 marks]
.2
Evaluate the claim about evaporation.
[2 marks]
4 marksFoundation and Higher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
Oxygen volumes collected from pondweed in three 5-minute repeats are 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 cm³. A second student counts bubbles instead of collecting gas.
.1
Calculate the mean oxygen production rate.
[2 marks]
.2
Evaluate counting bubbles compared with collecting gas volume.
[2 marks]
5 marksFoundation and Higher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
A nursery produces 240 clones from one disease-resistant plant using meristem tissue. All are planted in one field.
.1
Explain how meristem cells produce complete plants.
[2 marks]
.2
Evaluate planting only these clones in one field.
[3 marks]
4 marksHigher
Spec and skills
Original practice question
Answer and supported method checks
After ovulation, progesterone rises. Later in a cycle with no pregnancy, progesterone falls.
.1
Explain the effect of progesterone while its concentration is high.
