GCSE Combined Science revision · Biology: cells, organisation and disease

Higher: limiting factors and oxygen debt

Higher only

The idea

Light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of distance from the light source: doubling the distance cuts the intensity to a quarter. Growers use limiting factor graphs to decide how much heat, light and carbon dioxide are worth paying for. After exercise, an oxygen debt remains: extra oxygen is needed to react with the lactic acid, which the blood carries to the liver to convert back to glucose.

  1. Use light intensity ∝ 1 ÷ distance².
  2. Read which factor limits each part of a graph.
  3. Explain where lactic acid goes after exercise.

Watch out Doubling the distance does not halve the light intensity: it cuts it to a quarter.

See it worked

Worked example

A lamp is moved from 10 cm to 20 cm from a plant. By what factor does the light intensity change?

  1. Intensity ∝ 1 ÷ distance².
  2. (10 ÷ 20)² = 1/4.

Answer It falls to one quarter

Your turn

Question 1Calculator allowed2 marks

A lamp 30 cm from a plant gives intensity 9 units. What is the intensity at 10 cm?

Question 2Calculator allowed1 mark

What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

Choose one
Question 3Calculator allowed1 mark

What is the oxygen debt?

Choose one

In past papers

11 official questions in 10 papers since 2018. The latest:

All GCSE Combined Science past papers

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Independent practice for AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy (8464), not endorsed by AQA.

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