Defences, vaccines and antibiotics

The idea

Malaria is caused by a protist carried by mosquitoes. The body's non-specific defences include the skin, nose hairs, mucus and cilia in the trachea, and stomach acid. White blood cells engulf pathogens (phagocytosis), produce antibodies and produce antitoxins. Vaccination injects a dead or inactive pathogen so white blood cells can make antibodies quickly if the real pathogen enters. Antibiotics kill bacteria; painkillers only treat symptoms.

1. Name the defence and how it works.
2. Explain vaccination in steps.
3. Separate antibiotics (cure bacterial infections) from painkillers (symptoms).

Watch out Antibiotics kill bacteria inside the body but have no effect on viruses.