Question 3 asks how the writer structures the whole extract to create a named effect, such as tension or mystery. It is worth 8 marks. Track how the focus shifts from the start, through the middle, to the end, and keep linking each choice to that effect.
Underline the named effect in the question.
Find the shifts: in time, place, viewpoint or from wide to close.
For the opening, each shift and the ending, explain how it builds the named effect.
Watch out Picking out language techniques, such as similes, belongs in Question 2, not Question 3.
See it worked
Worked example
An extract opens on a wide view of a stormy town, narrows to one lit window, then ends on a figure watching the street. How does the structure create mystery?
Opening: a wide establishing view sets the mood.
Shift: the focus narrows to one window, drawing the reader in.
Ending: on a watching figure, raising questions about who and why.
Answer It moves from a wide view to a single window to one watching figure, narrowing the reader's focus and ending on mystery.
Your turn
Question 11 mark
Which of these is a structural feature?
Question 21 mark
An extract ends on the same image it opened with. What is this called?
Question 32 marks
A story opens with dialogue in the middle of an argument. Explain why a writer might start this way.
Write your answer, then see a model answer
Name the technique: starting in the middle of action.
Explain the questions it raises for the reader.
Answer Starting mid-argument (in medias res) drops the reader straight into conflict, creating questions about who is arguing and why, which makes them read on to find out.
In past papers
7 official questions in 7 papers since 2020. The latest: