Course map
Applied anatomy and physiology AQA Paper 1 · Edexcel Component 1 · OCR Paper 1
- AQA 3.1.1.1, Edexcel C1 1.1.1, Edexcel C1 1.1.2, Edexcel C1 1.1.3, OCR 1.1.a
Bones and the functions of the skeleton
- Name and locate the major bones at the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle
- Apply the functions of the skeleton to sporting examples
- Link the shape of a bone to what it does in movement
- AQA 3.1.1.1, Edexcel C1 1.1.4, Edexcel C1 1.1.5, Edexcel C1 1.1.6, OCR 1.1.a
Joints, movements, ligaments and tendons
- Name hinge and ball and socket joints and the bones that meet at each
- Match flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion to joints and sporting actions
- Explain the roles of ligaments, tendons, cartilage and the parts of a synovial joint
- AQA 3.1.1.1, Edexcel C1 1.1.7, Edexcel C1 1.1.8, Edexcel C1 1.1.9, Edexcel C1 1.1.10, Edexcel C1 1.1.11, OCR 1.1.b
Muscles and how they work in pairs
- Name and locate the major muscles and the movement each one causes
- Identify the agonist and antagonist (and, for OCR, the fixator) in a sporting action
- Explain concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions and fast and slow twitch fibres
- AQA 3.1.1.2, Edexcel C1 1.2.1, Edexcel C1 1.2.2, Edexcel C1 1.2.3, Edexcel C1 1.2.4, Edexcel C1 1.2.5, OCR 1.1.d
The heart, blood vessels and blood
- Trace the pathway of blood through the chambers, valves and vessels of the heart
- Link the structure of arteries, capillaries and veins to their jobs
- Explain vascular shunting, vasodilation and vasoconstriction during exercise
- AQA 3.1.1.2, Edexcel C1 1.2.6, Edexcel C1 1.2.7, Edexcel C1 1.2.8, Edexcel C1 1.2.9, Edexcel C1 1.2.10, OCR 1.1.d
Breathing, gas exchange and lung volumes
- Trace the pathway of air from the mouth and nose to the alveoli
- Explain the features of alveoli that make gas exchange efficient
- Read tidal volume and the reserve volumes on a spirometer trace and explain how they change in exercise
- AQA 3.1.1.2, Edexcel C1 1.4.2, Edexcel C1 1.4.6, OCR 1.1.d, OCR 1.1.e
Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output
- Use cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate, and minute ventilation = tidal volume x breathing rate
- Read a heart rate graph, including the anticipatory rise and changes in intensity
- Explain why heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output rise during exercise
- AQA 3.1.1.3, Edexcel C1 1.3.1, Edexcel C1 1.3.2, OCR 1.1.d
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise
- Write the word equations for aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Decide whether an activity is mainly aerobic or anaerobic from its intensity and duration
- Explain EPOC (oxygen debt), lactic acid and the methods of recovery
- AQA 3.1.1.4, Edexcel C1 1.4.1, Edexcel C1 1.4.3, Edexcel C1 1.4.4, Edexcel C1 3.4, OCR 1.1.e
Short- and long-term effects of exercise
- Describe the immediate and short-term effects of exercise
- Explain the long-term training effects on the heart, lungs, muscles and bones
- Link each long-term effect to better performance
Movement analysis AQA Paper 1 · Edexcel Component 1 · OCR Paper 1
- AQA 3.1.2.1, Edexcel C1 2.1.1, Edexcel C1 2.1.2, OCR 1.1.c
Levers and mechanical advantage
- Identify first, second and third class levers from the order of fulcrum, effort and load
- Find the lever at the neck, elbow and ankle in a sporting action
- Calculate and explain mechanical advantage
- AQA 3.1.2.2, Edexcel C1 2.2.1, Edexcel C1 2.2.2, Edexcel C1 2.2.3, Edexcel C1 2.2.4, OCR 1.1.c
Planes and axes of movement
- Name the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes
- Name the axes of rotation the way your board does
- Match somersaults, cartwheels and twists to their plane and axis
Physical training AQA Paper 1 · Edexcel Component 1 · OCR Paper 1
- AQA 3.1.3.1, Edexcel C1 3.1.1, OCR 2.3
Health, fitness, exercise and performance
- Define health, fitness, exercise and performance
- Explain how ill health can lower fitness and how a person can be fit but unhealthy
- Apply the definitions to sporting examples
- AQA 3.1.3.2, Edexcel C1 3.2.1, OCR 1.2.a
Components of fitness
- Define the health-related and skill-related components of fitness
- Justify which components matter most for an activity or position
- Tell power, speed, strength and agility apart in examples
- AQA 3.1.3.2, Edexcel C1 3.2.2, Edexcel C1 3.2.3, Edexcel C1 3.2.4, OCR 1.2.a
Fitness tests
- Match each fitness test to the component it measures
- Describe a test's procedure and how its result is recorded
- Explain the reasons for and limits of fitness testing, and compare a result with normative data
- AQA 3.1.3.3, Edexcel C1 3.3.1, OCR 1.2.b
Principles of training and FITT
- Define specificity, progressive overload, reversibility, individual needs and tedium
- Apply frequency, intensity, time and type to a training programme
- Spot which principle a training change applies or breaks
- AQA 3.1.3.3, Edexcel C1 3.3.2, Edexcel C1 3.3.3, OCR 1.2.b
Training methods
- Describe continuous, Fartlek, interval, circuit, weight, plyometric and HIIT training
- Choose and justify a method for a performer's needs
- Give the advantages and disadvantages of each method
- AQA 3.1.3.4, Edexcel C1 3.3.1 · AQA and Edexcel only
Training zones and one rep max
- Calculate maximum heart rate and the aerobic and anaerobic training zones
- Use one rep max to set loads for strength and for muscular endurance
- Explain training thresholds
- AQA 3.1.3.4, Edexcel C1 3.5.1, Edexcel C1 3.5.2, Edexcel C1 3.5.3, Edexcel C1 3.5.4, OCR 1.2.c
Preventing and treating injury
- Explain how to reduce the risk of injury in training and competition
- Name common sports injuries and the RICE treatment
- Spot the hazards in a sports setting and how to reduce them
- AQA 3.1.3.5, Edexcel C1 3.6.1, Edexcel C1 3.6.2, Edexcel C1 3.6.3, OCR 1.2.b
Warm-up and cool-down
- Put the phases of a warm-up in order and give an example of each
- Explain the physical and mental benefits of a warm-up
- Explain the benefits of a cool-down
- AQA 3.1.3.4 · AQA only
Altitude training and training seasons
- Explain how altitude training works and evaluate who it helps
- Name the three training seasons and the aims of each
- Apply the seasons to a sport's calendar
Sports psychology AQA Paper 2 · Edexcel Component 2 · OCR Paper 2
- AQA 3.2.1.1, Edexcel C2 2.1.1, Edexcel C2 2.1.2, Edexcel C2 2.1.3, OCR 2.2
Skill, ability and classifying skills
- Tell skill and ability apart, and describe skilful movement
- Place skills on the open-closed, basic-complex, self-paced and externally paced, and gross-fine continua
- Choose practice structures to suit a skill
- AQA 3.2.1.1, AQA 3.2.1.2, Edexcel C2 2.2.1, Edexcel C2 2.2.2, Edexcel C2 2.2.3, OCR 2.2
Goal setting and SMART targets
- Tell performance and outcome goals apart
- Use your board's SMART letters to write and review a target
- Explain how goal setting improves motivation, adherence and performance
- AQA 3.2.1.3 · AQA only
Information processing
- Put input, decision making, output and feedback in order
- Explain selective attention and the roles of short- and long-term memory
- Apply the model to a sporting skill
- AQA 3.2.1.4, Edexcel C2 2.3.1, Edexcel C2 2.3.2, Edexcel C2 2.3.3, Edexcel C2 2.3.4, OCR 2.2
Guidance and feedback
- Compare visual, verbal, manual and mechanical guidance for beginners and elite performers
- Tell intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance, positive and negative feedback apart
- Justify the best guidance and feedback for a performer
- AQA 3.2.1.5, Edexcel C2 2.4.1, OCR 2.2
Arousal and mental preparation
- Describe and draw the inverted-U relationship between arousal and performance
- Match arousal level to gross and fine skills
- Explain imagery, mental rehearsal, selective attention, positive self-talk and deep breathing
- AQA 3.2.1.5 · AQA only
Aggression, personality and motivation
- Tell direct and indirect aggression apart
- Link introvert and extrovert personalities to activities
- Evaluate intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Socio-cultural influences AQA Paper 2 · Edexcel Components 1 and 2 · OCR Paper 2
- AQA 3.2.2.1, Edexcel C2 3.1.1, Edexcel C2 3.1.2, OCR 2.1.a
Participation in physical activity and sport
- Explain how gender, age, ethnicity, disability, income and other factors affect participation
- Read participation data and describe a trend
- Suggest promotion, provision and access strategies to raise participation
- AQA 3.2.2.2, Edexcel C2 3.2.1, Edexcel C2 3.2.2, Edexcel C2 3.2.3, OCR 2.1.b
Commercialisation, sponsorship and the media
- Explain the golden triangle of sport, sponsorship and the media
- Weigh the advantages and disadvantages for performers, sports, officials, spectators and sponsors
- Evaluate the effects of technology on sport
- AQA 3.2.2.3, Edexcel C2 3.3.1, Edexcel C2 3.3.2, OCR 2.1.c
Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance
- Define etiquette, sportsmanship, gamesmanship, deviance and the contract to compete
- Give the reasons for and consequences of deviance at elite level
- Explain the reasons for player violence
- AQA 3.2.2.3, Edexcel C1 3.5.5, OCR 2.1.c
Performance-enhancing drugs and blood doping
- Match each type of drug to its effect and to the performers who might misuse it
- Explain how blood doping works and its risks
- Weigh the disadvantages to the performer and to the sport
- AQA 3.2.2.3 · AQA only
Spectators and hooliganism
- Explain the positive and negative effects of spectators
- Give the reasons hooliganism happens
- Evaluate the strategies used to combat it
Health, fitness and well-being AQA Paper 2 · Edexcel Component 2 · OCR Paper 2
- AQA 3.2.3.1, Edexcel C2 1.1.1, Edexcel C2 1.1.2, Edexcel C2 1.1.3, Edexcel C2 1.1.4, Edexcel C2 1.1.6, Edexcel C2 1.1.7, OCR 2.3
Physical, emotional and social well-being
- Explain the physical, emotional and social benefits of taking part
- Explain how lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol and sleep affect health
- Apply the benefits to different age groups
- AQA 3.2.3.2, Edexcel C2 1.2.1, Edexcel C2 1.2.2, Edexcel C2 1.3.4, Edexcel C2 1.3.5, OCR 2.3
Sedentary lifestyles, obesity and body types
- Explain the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle
- Explain how obesity limits performance
- Match endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph body types to activities (AQA)
- AQA 3.2.3.3, Edexcel C2 1.3.1, Edexcel C2 1.3.2, Edexcel C2 1.3.3, Edexcel C2 1.3.6, Edexcel C2 1.3.7, OCR 2.3
Diet, nutrition and hydration
- Give the role of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water
- Explain energy balance and the daily energy needs of different people
- Explain the effects of dehydration on performance
Use of data AQA Papers 1 and 2 · Edexcel Components 1 and 2 · OCR Papers 1 and 2
- AQA 3.1.4.1, AQA 3.1.4.2, Edexcel C1 4.1.2, Edexcel C1 4.1.3, OCR 1.1.e, OCR 1.2.a
Collecting and presenting data
- Tell quantitative and qualitative data apart
- Choose a collection method: questionnaire, survey, interview or observation
- Present data in a table, bar chart or line graph with labelled axes
- AQA 3.1.4.3, Edexcel C1 4.1.4, Edexcel C1 4.1.5, Edexcel C2 4.1.4, Edexcel C2 4.1.5, OCR 1.1.e, OCR 2.3
Reading and evaluating data
- Read values and trends from tables, bar charts, line graphs and pie charts
- Compare results with normative data
- Draw a conclusion and say how far the data supports it
