GCSE Combined Science revision · Biology: cells, organisation and disease

Health, lifestyle and cancer

The idea

Health is a state of physical and mental wellbeing. Non-communicable diseases are linked to risk factors such as diet, smoking, alcohol and lack of exercise: smoking increases the risk of lung disease and cancer, obesity of type 2 diabetes, and alcohol of liver damage. Cancer is uncontrolled cell division. Benign tumours stay in one place; malignant tumours invade tissues and spread in the blood to form secondary tumours.

  1. Identify the risk factor.
  2. Link it to a disease.
  3. Remember correlation does not prove cause.

Watch out A correlation between a factor and a disease does not prove that the factor causes it.

See it worked

Worked example

Explain why malignant tumours are more dangerous than benign tumours.

  1. Malignant tumour cells invade neighbouring tissues.
  2. They spread in the blood and form secondary tumours elsewhere.

Answer They invade tissues and spread to form secondary tumours

Your turn

Question 1Calculator allowed1 mark

Which disease is most strongly linked to obesity?

Choose one
Question 2Calculator allowed2 marks

In a town of 40 000 people, 1 200 have type 2 diabetes. What percentage is this?

Question 3Calculator allowed1 mark

What is a malignant tumour?

Choose one

In past papers

45 official questions in 35 papers since 2018. The latest:

All GCSE Combined Science past papers

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Independent practice for AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy (8464), not endorsed by AQA.

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