Higher: improving efficiency

The idea

To increase efficiency, reduce wasted energy transfers: lubricate moving parts, use thermal insulation, streamline vehicles, and use components that heat up less, such as LED lamps instead of filament lamps. Efficiency calculations can be rearranged: useful output = efficiency × total input.

1. Identify where energy is wasted.
2. Choose a method to reduce that waste.
3. Rearrange the efficiency equation if needed.

Watch out Higher efficiency means a bigger fraction of the input is useful: the same useful output needs less input.